Stalkerware 101: What It Is and How to Protect Your Devices from It

 

Just imagine if someone could monitor your every move, read your messages, and even track your location without you knowing. Unfortunately, this isn't the plot of a suspense thriller—it's a real threat called stalkerware. With the rise of digital technology, stalkerware has become a significant concern, impacting people's privacy and security in ways that are both disturbing and dangerous. 

In this blog, we'll talk about what stalkerware is, how to detect it on your devices, steps for removing it, and crucial preventive measures to protect yourself.

Everything You Need to Know about Stalkerware

What is Stalkerware?

Stalkerware is software installed on a person's device without their knowledge to monitor their activities. Unlike spyware, which is often used for general data theft, stalkerware is typically deployed by someone close to the victim—like a partner, family member, or even an employer. 

The purpose of stalkerware is often to exert control, manipulate, or stalk another person, making it a particularly insidious and invasive form of digital abuse. In fact, according to Kaspersky, in 2023, a total of 31,031 unique users were affected by stalkerware, an increase from 2022 (29,312).

Common Types of Stalkerware

Stalkerware comes in various forms, each designed to intrude on your privacy in different ways. Some of the most common types include:

• Spyware: This is the most general type of stalkerware designed to monitor all activities on a device. It can track messages, calls, browsing history, and even access the device's camera and microphone.
• Keyloggers: These programs record every keystroke on the device, capturing passwords, messages, and other sensitive information.
• GPS Trackers: These apps allow someone to track your location in real-time, often without your knowledge, enabling the stalker to know your whereabouts at all times.

Potential Dangers of Stalkerware

The dangers posed by stalkerware are significant. For one, it's a severe breach of privacy. Having someone monitor your private conversations, track your location, or watch your activities without consent is incredibly invasive. The psychological impact can be profound, leading to feelings of anxiety, stress, and fear.

Moreover, stalkerware is often used in abusive relationships as a tool for control and intimidation. It can facilitate harassment and stalking, making it easier for abusers to maintain power over their victims. The presence of stalkerware can escalate situations to dangerous levels, putting victims at risk of physical harm.

Common Signs of Stalkerware

Stalkerware is designed to be hidden, but it often leaves behind clues that something isn't right. Being aware of these signs can help you detect stalkerware early:

• Unusual Battery Drain: If your device's battery is depleting faster than usual, it could indicate stalkerware running in the background. These apps often use a significant amount of power, especially when they're tracking GPS locations or recording audio.
• Unexpected Data Usage: Stalkerware needs to send the data it collects somewhere, and this usually happens over the internet. If you notice a spike in data usage that doesn't match your usual activity, it might be because stalkerware is transmitting your information.
• Unexplained App Activity: If your device is acting strangely—like apps opening on their own, settings being changed, or your phone or computer running slower than usual—stalkerware might be the cause.
• Strange text messages or calls: If you start receiving strange text messages or calls that you don't recognize, it might be a sign that someone is monitoring your communications.

It's crucial to remain vigilant and trust your instincts. If something feels off about your device's behavior, don't ignore it. Even if you're not tech-savvy, noticing these signs and acting on them can be the first step in protecting yourself from stalkerware. Remember, you know your device better than anyone else; if something seems unusual, it's worth investigating.

How to Find and Remove Stalkerware

If you suspect that stalkerware has been installed on your device, taking action promptly is essential. Here's how you can scan your device:

1. Check Installed Apps: Start by reviewing all installed apps. Look for any unfamiliar or suspicious apps, especially those with names that seem generic or don't match their icons. On Android devices, go to "Settings"> "Apps"> "All apps" to see a complete list. On iPhones, this process is more challenging due to Apple's restrictions, but checking for apps you don't recognize is still helpful.

2. Use Reputable Security Software: Many antivirus programs now include features specifically designed to detect and remove stalkerware. Consider scanning your device thoroughly using tools like Malwarebytes, Kaspersky, or Norton. These programs can identify and help you remove malicious software, including stalkerware.

3. Check for System Updates: Make sure your operating system and all apps are up-to-date. Software updates often include security patches that can close vulnerabilities stalkerware might exploit.

4. Factory Reset (as a last resort): If you're unable to remove stalkerware using other methods, consider performing a factory reset. This will wipe your device and remove all installed apps, including any stalkerware. Be sure to back up your data before doing this, as the reset will erase everything.

Why It's Important to Change Passwords and Enabling Two-Factor Authentication

After removing stalkerware, it's crucial to change all your passwords. Stalkerware often captures login credentials, so you should assume any passwords used during the infection are compromised. Choose strong, unique passwords for each of your accounts.

Enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of security. Even if someone has your password, they'll need a second form of verification (like a code sent to your phone) to access your accounts. This can be a powerful tool in protecting yourself from future intrusions.

What are the Legal Implications of Stalkerware

Using stalkerware is illegal in many places, especially when it's installed without the user's consent. Laws vary by country and state, but generally, installing such software without permission can lead to criminal charges, including fines and imprisonment. If you're a victim of stalkerware, you have legal rights and can pursue action against the perpetrator.

If you believe you're a victim of stalkerware, it's important to seek legal advice. It's important to document everything if you think someone has installed stalkerware on your device. This includes screenshots of suspicious apps, logs of unusual behavior, and any other evidence that might support your case.  Consult with a lawyer or legal aid service to understand your options. 

What to do if You Suspect You Are Being Stalked

If you believe you're being stalked, either digitally or physically, taking steps to protect your safety is paramount:

1. Seek Help: Reach out to trusted friends, family, or professionals. Organizations like the National Domestic Violence Hotline can provide support and advice.

2. Change Your Routine: If possible, alter your daily routine to make it harder for the stalker to predict your movements.

3. Secure Your Online Presence: Ensure your social media accounts and other online profiles are private. Be cautious about what you share online, as stalkers often use this information to track their victims.

Resources for Victims

If you're dealing with the impact of stalkerware, know that you're not alone. Several organizations offer resources and support for victims of stalking and harassment:

• The National Domestic Violence Hotline: Provides 24/7 support for victims of domestic abuse, including those affected by stalkerware.
• The Stalking Resource Center: Offers information and resources for stalking victims.
• Cyber Civil Rights Initiative: Provides support for victims of online harassment, including stalkerware.

Conclusion

Stalkerware is a serious and invasive threat that can have profound consequences for those affected. Understanding what stalkerware is, how to identify it, and the steps to remove and prevent it is crucial in today's digital age. 

If you suspect you're a victim, taking swift action can protect your privacy and security. Remember, your safety is the top priority, and resources are available to help you through this challenging situation.

Stay vigilant, stay informed, and prioritize your privacy—it's more important now than ever.